Improved method op



lllnitrrl gaat Letters Patent No. 98,804, dated January 11, 1870.

IMPROVE!) METHOD OP APPLYING- .ANTI-FRICTION ROLLERS ''O WHEELS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

To all whom it may concern:

Bc it know-n that I, WILLIAM BoNuAM SCOTT, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improrenicnts inthe Method of Applying Anti-Friction Rollers to Wheels and other parts of machinery; and I herebyy declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of thc same, reference being had to theaccon|- panyng drawings, in which- Figure l is an elevation of a wheel pro\ idcd with anti-iriction devices in accordance with my invention.

Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same.

My invention is intended to do away with the friction which usually comes upon the journals of wheels,

' and to which those parts of machinery which rotate in or upon bearings are ordinarily subjected. lo effect this object,l employ disks, upon. which the journal, shaft, or other rotating part bears, the rotation ot' said part servingrto communicate acorresponding rot-ating movement to the disks, so that there is no sliding-friction between them and, in order to prevent friction upon the disks, I support them upon rollers of suitable size and conformation, which will revolve freely, and, in turn, bear against a suitable bearing-surface. Under-this arrangement, the disks, in their rotation, con'nnunicate a corresponding rotary movement to the rollers, so that between these ther-eis no sliding-friction; and, in like manner, as the rollers revolve upon their bearing-surlces, they do not rub or draw over said surfaces, so that all sliding-friction is entirely tvoided.

' The form and proportion of these anti-friction devices may be varied considerably, withoutdeparture from the principle of my invention, to accord with the particular machinery or devicewith which they may be used.

In order that the nature nt' my invention may be more fully understood, I shall now, in illustration of the same, describe, by reference to tluI accompanying drawings, an a-1"ange n1eutapplicable to. whe'cled vehicles. V

A represents a railroad-car or other wheel, the jour' nals B ot' which bca-r against the disks a, mounted loosely, and so as to be capable of revolving upon the vertical axes b, fixed to the frame U of the truck or other part, to which the wheel is applied. Ilhe disks a bear, in their turn, upon rollers c, which arc mounted, and are capable of revolvingr upon spindles or axes d, radiating from hubs c, mounted loosely upon the same a-Xes or shafts, b, which carry the disks a. The rollers c bear-'against the annular surfaces f, which are iinmovable, `and are attached to or form part of the frame O.

The journals 13, which are in contact with' the disksa. at the point shown in the drawing, are made conical or tapering in form, for reasons which will be readily seen. If, for instance, instead of being tapering, they were. cylindrical, or of equa-l diameter at every point, in which case the surfaces the disks with which they have contact would be hat, then there would be necessarily friction between the journals and disks at some point; for, while it is true that every part of the disk makes one revolution in the same time, yet it at its circmniereuce is greater' than at any other point intermediate between that -point and the axis. lbe cylindrical journals B would have, however, an equal speed at every point upon its periphery which is in contact withthe .bearing-surface of the disk, so that, if the journal revolved in unison with theouter portion of the bearing-surface of the disk, or that portion furthestrernoved from the axis, it would not revolve in unison with the more slowly-moving'portion of the bearingesurface intermediate between that outer point and the axis, and there would thus' be necessarily a sliding-frictionbetween the two. Instead, therefore, of making the journal .of cylindrical shape, I makeit tapering toward the axis l, so that its periphery shall be directly proportionate to its distancefrom said axis l). Thus the periphery ofthe journal will have the same relatiyel y greater speed in proportion to its distance from the axis as the bearing-surface of the disk, so that the two will move in unison at all points of contact, and all friction will be avoided. The surface of the disk has, of course, a corrcspomling inclination' with the 'taper of the journal, so that the two may be properly in contact. A greater or lesser port-ionof the-face of the disk, as desired,- may be used for the bearing-surface. A circular rccessis, or may be formed in the face of each of the disks around the. axis, iu which is held a corresponding shoulder, h, on each end ot' the journal, the object orf-this being to hold the journal firmly in place, so as. to prevent all lateral play. 'lf-he ends ofthe shaft .projecting beyond the journals are, or may be held in brackets g, which prevent the shaft or journals from getting outof place with relation to the disks. l,

As regards the rollers c, which are held between the upper faces of the disks a and the stationary `disks or bcariug-surrccsj, they are made tapering orconical in iorin, like thejournals B, and for the. same reason; and they also, like the journals, are, or may be priovided with shoulders, which are received in circular rcccsses formed in the parts f, and as shown clearly in iig. 2. 'lhe upper faces of the disks a and the bearing-suitacesf arc also made inclined for the same reason, the lower bearing-surfaces or faces of the disks a bei-ng inclined, as above stated.

, When the journals B are in motion, they, by reason of-their contact with the disks, ycause a corrcspond ing rotation of the latter upon their axes b. These disks, in turn, being in contact with the. rollers c, communicate to them a rotary movement, and the rollers revolve not only upon their own axes d, but also around the axes 5, upon which the hub which carrio/s the. radial axes d loosely' mounted. 'lhere is 1ro slidingi'rietion between the rollers and the disks (l, for they move in unisonthat is to .sa-y, their surfaces move at an equal rate of speed-and there is no friction botween the rollers and the stationary bearing-slu-tilecs f, for they roll -or revolve upon such surfaces, just as an ordinary wheel or cylindrical body may be rolled over a suitable surface.

,y the means above described, l avoid rubbing` or attrition between the parts, and prevent the wear upon them which is inevitable in the use of ordinary journal and bearings.

As above. stated, the construction and arrangement of the deviceslnay be varied without departure from the principle ot' my invention; for instance, balls` might be employed instcadof the conical rollers. I much prefer, lunvevcr, the arrangement shown and described, as it enables me to produce the best results by simple and comparatively inexpensive means. i

lhe spindles or axes (l are not subjected, to any appreciable extent, to tiietion, as they do not support nor convey the rollers, but only serve to hold them in place atthe proper distance apa-rt.

It is needless to say that any suitable number of rolls may be used.

'.lheinvention, while applicable to allparts of machinery which rotate in or upon bearings, is particularly adapted for the axles or jourpals of railroad-car wheels, which are. usually subjected to excessive fric.- tion and wear. By the use of my invention, this friction and wear and tear are avoided.

Having now'dcscribed my invention, and the mauuer. in whoih the same is ormay be carried into effect, l j

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, s-

1. The combination, with the journal of the carwheel or other rotating device, of a disk or disks, inf terposcd between said journal, and anti-friction roll# ers, or their' equivalents, as described, the disk or disks being arranged so as tofo'rm a bearing-surface for and to rotate with said journal, and to, transmit suoli rotarymovement to the rollers, substantially as and for the purposes shown and set for h.

2. The combination of the tapering journals with the tapering or conica-l anti-friction rollers and the nais, and having their faces inclined, so as to tit and he in contact withV the tapering journals and rollers, as shown and set forth.

3. The arrangcment, in relation to the journal or axle, ofthe bearing-disk with which said journal is in contact, and the` series of anti-tiictiou rollers upon which said disk is supported, substantially as shown tion rollers shall revolve around the same axis, as set forth.

4. The arrangement, in combination with each bearing-disk with which the journal is in rolling contact, oft-hc conical anti-friction rollers upon spindles or axes radiating from a hub mounted loosely-on the spindle or axis upon which the beaming-disk of the journal rotates, substantially as shown and described.

5. r1`he combination ofthe journals-and their rotating disks with the anti-friction rollers, arranged tev move around the axes of their respective disks, and the stationary bearing-surfaces upon which said rollers revolve, under the arrangement and for operation as set forth.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specitication, before two subscribing witnesses.

W'. B. SCOTT.

Witnesses:

A. IoLLoK, B'. A. PIPER.

bearing-disks, interposed between the rollers and jour-4 and described, so that both the disk and its ant-i-fric- 

